'''
Drop-Down List
==============
.. image:: images/dropdown.gif
:align: right
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
A versatile drop-down list that can be used with custom widgets. It allows you
to display a list of widgets under a displayed widget. Unlike other toolkits,
the list of widgets can contain any type of widget: simple buttons,
images etc.
The positioning of the drop-down list is fully automatic: we will always try to
place the dropdown list in a way that the user can select an item in the list.
Basic example
-------------
A button with a dropdown list of 10 possible values. All the buttons within the
dropdown list will trigger the dropdown :meth:`DropDown.select` method. After
being called, the main button text will display the selection of the
dropdown. ::
from kivy.uix.dropdown import DropDown
from kivy.uix.button import Button
from kivy.base import runTouchApp
# create a dropdown with 10 buttons
dropdown = DropDown()
for index in range(10):
# When adding widgets, we need to specify the height manually
# (disabling the size_hint_y) so the dropdown can calculate
# the area it needs.
btn = Button(text='Value %d' % index, size_hint_y=None, height=44)
# for each button, attach a callback that will call the select() method
# on the dropdown. We'll pass the text of the button as the data of the
# selection.
btn.bind(on_release=lambda btn: dropdown.select(btn.text))
# then add the button inside the dropdown
dropdown.add_widget(btn)
# create a big main button
mainbutton = Button(text='Hello', size_hint=(None, None))
# show the dropdown menu when the main button is released
# note: all the bind() calls pass the instance of the caller (here, the
# mainbutton instance) as the first argument of the callback (here,
# dropdown.open.).
mainbutton.bind(on_release=dropdown.open)
# one last thing, listen for the selection in the dropdown list and
# assign the data to the button text.
dropdown.bind(on_select=lambda instance, x: setattr(mainbutton, 'text', x))
runTouchApp(mainbutton)
Extending dropdown in Kv
------------------------
You could create a dropdown directly from your kv::
#:kivy 1.4.0
<CustomDropDown>:
Button:
text: 'My first Item'
size_hint_y: None
height: 44
on_release: root.select('item1')
Label:
text: 'Unselectable item'
size_hint_y: None
height: 44
Button:
text: 'My second Item'
size_hint_y: None
height: 44
on_release: root.select('item2')
And then, create the associated python class and use it::
class CustomDropDown(DropDown):
pass
dropdown = CustomDropDown()
mainbutton = Button(text='Hello', size_hint=(None, None))
mainbutton.bind(on_release=dropdown.open)
dropdown.bind(on_select=lambda instance, x: setattr(mainbutton, 'text', x))
'''
__all__ = ('DropDown', )
from kivy.uix.scrollview import ScrollView
from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty, NumericProperty, BooleanProperty
from kivy.core.window import Window
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.clock import Clock
from kivy.config import Config
_grid_kv = '''
GridLayout:
size_hint_y: None
height: self.minimum_size[1]
cols: 1
'''
class DropDownException(Exception):
'''DropDownException class.
'''
pass
[ドキュメント]class DropDown(ScrollView):
'''DropDown class. See module documentation for more information.
:Events:
`on_select`: data
Fired when a selection is done. The data of the selection is passed
in as the first argument and is what you pass in the :meth:`select`
method as the first argument.
`on_dismiss`:
.. versionadded:: 1.8.0
Fired when the DropDown is dismissed, either on selection or on
touching outside the widget.
'''
auto_width = BooleanProperty(True)
'''By default, the width of the dropdown will be the same as the width of
the attached widget. Set to False if you want to provide your own width.
:attr:`auto_width` is a :class:`~kivy.properties.BooleanProperty`
and defaults to True.
'''
max_height = NumericProperty(None, allownone=True)
'''Indicate the maximum height that the dropdown can take. If None, it will
take the maximum height available until the top or bottom of the screen
is reached.
:attr:`max_height` is a :class:`~kivy.properties.NumericProperty` and
defaults to None.
'''
dismiss_on_select = BooleanProperty(True)
'''By default, the dropdown will be automatically dismissed when a
selection has been done. Set to False to prevent the dismiss.
:attr:`dismiss_on_select` is a :class:`~kivy.properties.BooleanProperty`
and defaults to True.
'''
auto_dismiss = BooleanProperty(True)
'''By default, the dropdown will be automatically dismissed when a
touch happens outside of it, this option allows to disable this
feature
:attr:`auto_dismiss` is a :class:`~kivy.properties.BooleanProperty`
and defaults to True.
.. versionadded:: 1.8.0
'''
min_state_time = NumericProperty(0)
'''Minimum time before the :class:`~kivy.uix.DropDown` is dismissed.
This is used to allow for the widget inside the dropdown to display
a down state or for the :class:`~kivy.uix.DropDown` itself to
display a animation for closing.
:attr:`min_state_time` is a :class:`~kivy.properties.NumericProperty`
and defaults to the `Config` value `min_state_time`.
.. versionadded:: 1.10.0
'''
attach_to = ObjectProperty(allownone=True)
'''(internal) Property that will be set to the widget to which the
drop down list is attached.
The :meth:`open` method will automatically set this property whilst
:meth:`dismiss` will set it back to None.
'''
container = ObjectProperty()
'''(internal) Property that will be set to the container of the dropdown
list. It is a :class:`~kivy.uix.gridlayout.GridLayout` by default.
'''
__events__ = ('on_select', 'on_dismiss')
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
self._win = None
if 'min_state_time' not in kwargs:
self.min_state_time = float(
Config.get('graphics', 'min_state_time'))
if 'container' not in kwargs:
c = self.container = Builder.load_string(_grid_kv)
else:
c = None
if 'do_scroll_x' not in kwargs:
self.do_scroll_x = False
if 'size_hint' not in kwargs:
if 'size_hint_x' not in kwargs:
self.size_hint_x = None
if 'size_hint_y' not in kwargs:
self.size_hint_y = None
super(DropDown, self).__init__(**kwargs)
if c is not None:
super(DropDown, self).add_widget(c)
self.on_container(self, c)
Window.bind(
on_key_down=self.on_key_down,
size=self._reposition)
self.fbind('size', self._reposition)
def on_key_down(self, instance, key, scancode, codepoint, modifiers):
if key == 27 and self.get_parent_window():
self.dismiss()
return True
def on_container(self, instance, value):
if value is not None:
self.container.bind(minimum_size=self._reposition)
[ドキュメント] def open(self, widget):
'''Open the dropdown list and attach it to a specific widget.
Depending on the position of the widget within the window and
the height of the dropdown, the dropdown might be above or below
that widget.
'''
# ensure we are not already attached
if self.attach_to is not None:
self.dismiss()
# we will attach ourself to the main window, so ensure the
# widget we are looking for have a window
self._win = widget.get_parent_window()
if self._win is None:
raise DropDownException(
'Cannot open a dropdown list on a hidden widget')
self.attach_to = widget
widget.bind(pos=self._reposition, size=self._reposition)
self._reposition()
# attach ourself to the main window
self._win.add_widget(self)
[ドキュメント] def dismiss(self, *largs):
'''Remove the dropdown widget from the window and detach it from
the attached widget.
'''
Clock.schedule_once(lambda dt: self._real_dismiss(),
self.min_state_time)
def _real_dismiss(self):
if self.parent:
self.parent.remove_widget(self)
if self.attach_to:
self.attach_to.unbind(pos=self._reposition, size=self._reposition)
self.attach_to = None
self.dispatch('on_dismiss')
def on_dismiss(self):
pass
[ドキュメント] def select(self, data):
'''Call this method to trigger the `on_select` event with the `data`
selection. The `data` can be anything you want.
'''
self.dispatch('on_select', data)
if self.dismiss_on_select:
self.dismiss()
def on_select(self, data):
pass
def add_widget(self, *largs):
if self.container:
return self.container.add_widget(*largs)
return super(DropDown, self).add_widget(*largs)
def remove_widget(self, *largs):
if self.container:
return self.container.remove_widget(*largs)
return super(DropDown, self).remove_widget(*largs)
def clear_widgets(self):
if self.container:
return self.container.clear_widgets()
return super(DropDown, self).clear_widgets()
def on_touch_down(self, touch):
if super(DropDown, self).on_touch_down(touch):
return True
if self.collide_point(*touch.pos):
return True
if (self.attach_to and self.attach_to.collide_point(
*self.attach_to.to_widget(*touch.pos))):
return True
if self.auto_dismiss:
self.dismiss()
def on_touch_up(self, touch):
if super(DropDown, self).on_touch_up(touch):
return True
if 'button' in touch.profile and touch.button.startswith('scroll'):
return
if self.collide_point(*touch.pos):
return True
if self.auto_dismiss:
self.dismiss()
def _reposition(self, *largs):
# calculate the coordinate of the attached widget in the window
# coordinate system
win = self._win
widget = self.attach_to
if not widget or not win:
return
wx, wy = widget.to_window(*widget.pos)
wright, wtop = widget.to_window(widget.right, widget.top)
# set width and x
if self.auto_width:
self.width = wright - wx
# ensure the dropdown list doesn't get out on the X axis, with a
# preference to 0 in case the list is too wide.
x = wx
if x + self.width > win.width:
x = win.width - self.width
if x < 0:
x = 0
self.x = x
# determine if we display the dropdown upper or lower to the widget
if self.max_height is not None:
height = min(self.max_height, self.container.minimum_height)
else:
height = self.container.minimum_height
h_bottom = wy - height
h_top = win.height - (wtop + height)
if h_bottom > 0:
self.top = wy
self.height = height
elif h_top > 0:
self.y = wtop
self.height = height
else:
# none of both top/bottom have enough place to display the
# widget at the current size. Take the best side, and fit to
# it.
if h_top < h_bottom:
self.top = self.height = wy
else:
self.y = wtop
self.height = win.height - wtop
if __name__ == '__main__':
from kivy.uix.button import Button
from kivy.base import runTouchApp
def show_dropdown(button, *largs):
dp = DropDown()
dp.bind(on_select=lambda instance, x: setattr(button, 'text', x))
for i in range(10):
item = Button(text='hello %d' % i, size_hint_y=None, height=44)
item.bind(on_release=lambda btn: dp.select(btn.text))
dp.add_widget(item)
dp.open(button)
def touch_move(instance, touch):
instance.center = touch.pos
btn = Button(text='SHOW', size_hint=(None, None), pos=(300, 200))
btn.bind(on_release=show_dropdown, on_touch_move=touch_move)
runTouchApp(btn)
